Tham khảo Bắc Nguyên

  1. ↑ Luc Kwanten, "Imperial Nomads: A History of Central Asia, 500-1500"
  2. ↑ Reuven Amitai-Preiss, Reuven Amitai, David Morgan-The Mongol empire and its legacy, p.275
  3. ↑ Jack Weatherford-The Secret History of the Mongol Queens
  4. ↑ René Grousset-The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, p.508
  5. ↑ C.P.Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, see: Batumöngke Dayan Qaghan
  6. ↑ John Man- The Great Wall: The Extraordinary Story of China's Wonder of the World‎, p.183
  7. ↑ The Cambridge History of China, Vol 7, pg 193, 1988
  8. ↑ Carney T.Fisher, "Smallpox, Sales-men, and Sectarians: Ming-Mongol relations in the Jiang-jing reign (1552–67)", Ming studies 25
  9. ↑ Willard J. Peterson, John King Fairbank, Denis Twitchett- The Cambridge History of China‎, vol7, p.158
  10. ↑ Raoul Naroll, Vern L. Bullough, Frada Naroll-Military deterrence in history: a pilot cross-historical survey‎, p.97
  11. ↑ H.H.Howorth-History of the Mongols, part I. The Mongols proper and the Kalmuks
  12. ↑ Ed. Reuven Amitai-Preiss, Reuven Amitai, David Morgan-The Mongol empire and its legacy, p.294
  13. ↑ Bat-Ochir Bold - Mongolian nomadic society, p.93
  14. ↑ D.Morgan-The Mongols‎, p.178
  15. ↑ Ph. de Heer-The care-taker emperor, p.99
  16. ↑ Memory of the Dai Yuan ulus (the Great Yuan dynasty)
  17. ↑ Ming shi, pp.378
  18. ↑ Bat-Ochir Bold-Mongolian nomadic society, p.170
  19. ↑ Our great Qing: the Mongols, Buddhism and the state in late imperial China By Johan Elverskog, p.68
  20. ↑ Willard J. Peterson, John King Fairbank, Denis C. Twitchett-The Cambridge history of China: The Ch'ing empire to 1800, Volume 9, p.16
  21. ↑ Evelyn S. Rawski-The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions‎, p.493
  22. ↑ John C. Huntington, Dina Bangdel, Robert A. F. Thurman-The Circle of Bliss, p.48
  23. ↑ Ann Heirman, Stephan Peter Bumbacher- The spread of Buddhism‎, p.395